Ask the DJD Expert

Degenerative joint disease, or osteoarthritis, is progressive deterioration of articular cartilage accompanied by changes in the synovium, joint capsule, and underlying bone. It commonly results in pain, reduced range of motion, and lameness that worsens over time.

Diagnosis typically combines history and clinical examination, lameness evaluation with flexion tests, diagnostic analgesia to localize pain, and imaging. Radiography is standard, with ultrasound, MRI, CT, or nuclear scintigraphy used to characterize soft tissue and subchondral involvement.

Distal limb joints carry much of the burden, particularly the distal interphalangeal, fetlock, carpal, and distal tarsal joints. The pattern often reflects the horse's discipline and workload.

Management commonly combines controlled exercise and footing changes, systemic anti-inflammatories, intra-articular corticosteroids and hyaluronan, polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, orthobiologics such as PRP or IRAP, shoeing adjustments, and rehabilitation. Selection depends on the joint, severity, and the horse's use.

Progression cannot be reversed, but early recognition, appropriate workload and surface management, prompt treatment of acute joint injury, weight control, and balanced hoof care can meaningfully slow deterioration and extend a horse's useful career.

Many horses continue working for years with a well-managed maintenance plan, though expectations may need to shift regarding intensity or discipline. Regular reassessment allows the plan to be adjusted as the joint changes.